By Angelee Therese Alayon, Joann Ledesma, Ricca Joy Resula and Lea Dessa Socuaco
Background of the Study
A future without traffic congestion, a sidewalk free of any unauthorized vendors or the numerous constructions obstructing the free passage of every Filipino citizen are just a few of the ideal situations that the present Philippine government are attempting to achieve. Every blockage strewed around the public roads mounts to a hindrance in attaining an orderly avenue in a society. A quintessential catalog of a well-ordered society encompasses cleaner streets, sidewalks without illegally parked vehicles, and public utilities or roads reserved for public use — not for the benefit of the few, most especially not for private purposes only.
Traffic is one of the most alarming consequences of not having an orderly road maintenance. A study conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency revealed that the Philippines is losing ₱3.5 billion a day due to traffic congestion specifically in Metro Manila. Furthermore, it revealed that the said country is also projected to lose ₱5.4 billion to traffic daily by 2035 if no interventions are made. (Japan International Cooperation Agency Press Release, 2018) Apparently, Philippines still has a long way to go. A determinant of the problem in traffic congestion is the street vending. Most Southeast Asian cities ‘ public spaces flourish with the informal economy’s dynamism, in which street vendors play a vital role. Frequently undervalued, who are often subject to aimless cleanses from walkways and other dynamic spaces, the street vendors end up continually scanning for strategic locations where they can sell food and different products that will guarantee their survival. “Street vending in particular has become an object of scholarly attention, as it interfaces informal economic behavior with the uses of public urban space, in which there is a variety of interests, including government’s interest in order and norms. As an ancient and important occupation, street vending can be found in virtually every country and major city around the world. It may be defined simply as the retail or wholesale trading of goods and services in streets and other related public axes such as alleyways, avenues and boulevards. Street vendors add vitality to the streetscape and contribute economic activity and service provision” (Bromley, 2000)
In writing about street life, Malone (2002) reminds us that all boundaries are socially-constructed. They matter because they help develop identity — especially because some urban limits are firmly-classified, while others are unclear and complex. That is quite evident in Asia’s street scenes, especially in developing countries, where people use the streets for private purposes. In Vietnam for instance, families and individuals make use of public space for private activities such as cooking and eating (Drummond, 2000). Aside from vendors, a more recent study by Babiano and Hitoshi (2007) explains further that pedestrians use streets for different purposes: to undergo utilitarian trips making movement a derived demand; or to conduct optional trips such as to exercise or breathe in fresh air, to socialize and interact. The examples cited are also rampant here in the Philippines. In the Philippines, especially in the urban areas, sidewalks lost its essence from the perspective of the pedestrian. It was ostensibly an access point for those who would like to take time and avoid traffic by walking. Instead, it converted the streets into a proto-marketplace. Pedestrians resort to walking on the road as a solution, exposing them to increased risk by depriving them of their right to make use of the public area. By this, it shows that sidewalk becomes a destination in itself. It becomes a venue for private individuals to put up their different stalls or to construct any structures which could only benefit them.
For years now, our Legislative Body has been trying to make advances which could counter the worsening state of the public roads in our country. A bill which is yet to be approved by the senate committee aims to address four different but related areas of public concern: “1) the worsening traffic conditions in our cities; 2) the corresponding congestion along our sidewalks; 3) the guarantee of safe and convenient public access for all pedestrians, especially the disabled; and 4) the absence of adequate relief for pedestrians who suffer damage as a result of hazards to passage along our roads and sidewalks.” (14th Congress Senate Bill No. 999, 2007) Another bill which is also pending in the committee known as the Sidewalks and Public Roads Use Act, seeks to regulate the use of sidewalks and public roads to ensure safe pedestrian passage and ease in traffic flow that will result in a more progressive economy. (18th Congress House Bill 504, 2019)
It is pertinent to also note that the places by which these private individuals chose to construct their respective stalls or establishments deprive the other citizens from using the venues which are supposed to be enjoyed by the public as a whole. This research is deeply connected to the Memorandum Circular No. 2019-121 issued on July 21, 2019 by President Rodrigo “Roa” Duterte during his 4th State of the Nation Address addressing to clear roads of illegal structures and constructions. The researchers chose Barangay Villamonte in the city of Bacolod as the partner community in pursuing the study.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the perception of the stakeholders on the effectivity of the Memorandum Circular 121-2019 which was directed by President Rodrigo “Roa” Duterte to all the Local Government Units in the Philippines. The Researchers focused with the perception of the stakeholders of Barangay Villamonte, Bacolod City.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
- How was Memorandum Circular 2019-121 implemented in Barangay Villamonte, Bacolod City?
- What were the problems encountered by the Barangay Officials of Barangay Villamonte?
- What measures were taken by the Barangay Officials to implement the mandate of Memorandum Circular 2019-121?
Conceptual Framework
Effectiveness has now become an integral element of quality lawmaking. Effectiveness reflects the relationship between the purpose and effects of legislation and illustrates how it can direct subject individuals ‘ actions to those approved by the legislator. Effectiveness generally demonstrates the level to which the legislation should achieve the mission it is intended to carry out and is the principal representation of legislative performance (Mader & Almeida, 2011).
Effectiveness is an aspect of every piece of legislation. The intent of the law, its theoretical substance and statutory language, its overall structure and real-life outcomes assess effectiveness. Such features substantially determine legislation’s ability to obtain efficiency. Figure 1 presents three steps in assessing the effectiveness of the law. The purpose is the first step of the effectiveness test where the goal of the law is to be determined. The primary issues are concerned with are: does the law have an apparent purpose? Does it set a clear, concrete standard for what the statute is intended to achieve? What is this reference point? Does the implementer have adequate guidance? The intent of the legislation in the lawmaking process is conveyed as clauses of preamble, general or particular provision or long titles. However, the intent is quite often not indicated and considerable inferential measures are needed to understand it. The vagueness and arbitrariness of the general purpose of the law affect its meaning, implementation, and understanding. The first step of the effectiveness test is to analyze intent as an important factor of efficiency and to systematically see whether the objectives that the legislation seeks to achieve are simply and substantively defined.
It is no longer a conceptual exercise when the law is enacted: the “implementation game” begins and is expected to produce results. The connection between the law as a vision and the law is not always linear, as they are often very different in practice. Data on the outcomes of the law is necessary in order to measure its success and to assess the accomplishment of the intended goals. The second stage of the effectiveness test would analyze and determine the effects of the application of the law and the consequences of it. This step will allow us to think about the implications of laws in practice and connects legislation’s aims with their outcomes in fact.
The third step of the effectiveness test examines how a new law or new provisions are integrated into the legal system and how these new laws interact with the broader context of laws. The concerns discussed include the relationship between the new provisions with other relevant laws. Are the new laws compatible or leaving any loopholes or ambiguities? How the new laws interact with the old provisions? In relation to the clarity and coherence of laws, the overall structure of the statute directly affects how the impact of the regulation is interpreted, discussed and calculated.
Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework
Theoretical Framework
This study is generally anchored on the Theory of Government Performance. According to Lynn & Forbes (2007), there are three steps in analyzing government performance.
First, Lynn & Forbes (2007), stresses that policy-making and public service delivery are important factors that arbitrarily affect government performance. The elected government officials should be accountable for both the front and back ends of this cycle– policy decisions and legislative effects and consequences. More broadly, if the role of the public service is to turn the policy objectives of the government into implemented laws by specific guidance, frameworks, programs, initiatives, and agreements, then the evaluation of the success of the public service will rely on indicators of these aspects, resulting in the successful implementation of a set of law. Second, the theory identifies performance and effectiveness observations should be done at a specific level of government. “Indeed, if corporate governance systems are properly designed and responsibility similarly allocated, then any work unit’s management information is also the foundation for its contribution to corporate governance because both are designed to provide information about organizational performance at the work-unit level” (Ferguson, 2019).
Second, per Lynn (2007), “the theory explicitly recognized the importance of managerial capacity and other mediating influences on outputs and outcomes.” Lynn further argued that “that the study of public management is concerned with the discretionary behavior of those in managerial roles.” “The Competence of the members of the House of Representative, the competence of the local government apparatus, the execution of accounting information system, budgeting, and the quality of financial information simultaneously and partially affect the principles of good governance.” (Nofianti and Suseno, 2014)
Lastly, Lynn (2007) suggested that the most important elements affecting the success of public sector effectiveness in governance are the leadership and the participation of the constituents. A retrospective view of history shows the government’s potential to inevitably include more distributed administration in planning and implementation, wider public involvement in the implementation.
Schematic Diagram of the Theoretical Framework
Scope and Limitations
This study focused on the effectivity of the implementation of Memorandum Circular 2019-121 in Barangay Vilamonte specifically. This study mainly focused in Barangay Villamonte which included some key informants from the Barangay that helped expand the extent of the information collected for the study. These key informants will be the Barangay officials of Barangay Villamonte, in which the interviewers have gathered the collective data. Initially, the researchers intended to interview the Barangay Captain of Barangay Villamonte, however, due to the busy and conflicting schedules of the Barangay Captain, and also ourselves, we have opted to interview the above mentioned instead.
The study is limited to Barangay Villamonte only because it’s size, it’s close proximity to the main roads of the city of Bacolod, and the amount of traffic that runs through its streets every day. Also due to time constraints, the study has been conducted from the 1st semester of academic year 2019- 2020 up to the time of submission.
Significance of the Study
This study is relevant to the Law Course for it studies the effectivity of the implementation and the measures the Barangay has done with regard to its compliance to Memorandum Circular 2019-121. The study identifies the effectivity of the implementation of Memorandum Circular 2019-121, thus allowing us to see firsthand the effectivity of the measures taken by the Barangay officials in Barangay Villamonte. Having observed the flow of traffic, illegal structures on the road and obstructions will show the researchers the specific measures taken by the Barangay in compliance with Memorandum Circular 2019-121.
This study on the effectivity of the implementation of Memorandum Circular 2019-121, would be beneficial to the following:
Barangay Officials of Barangay Villamonte. The Barangay Officials of Barangay Villamonte may use the findings of the study to further identify the gaps in the implementation and clearing practices they implement and to gain new insights on new ways to maintain the clearance of the roads and to free them from other obstructions.
The Local Government Unit. The LGU’s may use the findings of this study as a basis and example for their future clearing operations, and to aid them in the maintenance of the roads and sidewalks in their respective barangays.
Residents of Barangay Villamonte. The findings of this study will assure the residents of the compliance of their Barangay with regard to Memorandum Circular 2019-121. This study would also help them become aware of the actions taken by their barangay with regard to the Memorandum as to also aid them in its implementation and maintenance.
Definition of Terms
This section provides the conceptual then the operational definition of this study.
Local Government Unit. Conceptually, it is a local unit which is a legal entity that provides public services to its people within the territory where it exercises jurisdiction, but it is also a democratic institution which from the decision making point of view, is governed by a council with representatives elected by the people who are accountable to their constituents (Tindal, 1977). In this study it refers to Barangay Villamonte, Bacolod City.
Perception. The detection of information (Michaels, 2000). In this study, it refers to the process through which the information for stakeholders were selected, received, organized and interpreted.
Stakeholders. Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives (Freeman, 1984). In this study, it refers to the key informants: the Barangay Captain, Barangay Kagawads, and Barangay Tanods where they have been interviewed with relation to the subject of this study.
METHODS
Methodology has to be the most important aspect towards any study. Methods are of utmost importance in a research process. They describe the various plan of attack to be adopted in solving a research problem. In short, by method we mean systematic approach towards a particular phenomenon. Methodology used in any investigation in fact determines its testing. The survey method was selected which was most appropriate to the project under investigation. The collection of data is of paramount importance in the conduct of research. The nature of data depends mostly upon the type of tool of technique used by researches for collecting these data. It is necessary to adopt or evolve systematic procedures to collect essential data. Relevant data, adequate inequality and quantity should be collected. They should be sufficiently reliable and valid.
Research Design
The research design of the present study is descriptive in nature. Descriptive research involves the description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature, composition or processes of phenomena focusing on prevailing conditions, or how a person, group or thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves some type of comparison or contrast. In other words, descriptive research defined as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, and tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends, and cause effect relationships, and then making adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with or without the aid of statistical methods (Calderon, 2012).
The study is about stakeholder’s perception on the effectiveness of the Implementation of MC 121-2019. The researchers thought that this is the appropriate method to use for it involved analysis on data gathered from the prevailing beliefs, and opinions of the participants. The researchers desired that the findings of this study would strengthen the implementation of Widening of roads and illegal structures in Bacolod City.
Participants
The participants of the study were the members of Barangay Villamonte including the Brgy. Chairman, Brgy. Kagawad and Brgy. Tanod. The participants represented the entire city of Bacolod. All their views, opinions and beliefs were considered to be important for the completion of the study.
Instruments
The study used interview as a main technique specifically for the Key Informant (KI). Key Informant Interviews are qualitative in-depth interviews with people who know what is going on in the community. In this case, KI was conducted by the researchers targeting the Barangay Chairman, Barangay Kagawad and Barangay Tanod. With the use of the said method, the responses would not be interfered by other perceptions and opinions. The researchers also made use of document review to gather relevant findings and data to help interpret the said study.
According to Ardales (2008) explained that an instrument is considered valid if its purpose to which it is designed is met.
Data Gathering Procedure
Most of the research materials, especially for the literature and documentation, guide for this research study were taken from books and the opinions of the participants.
After selecting and finalizing the tools for data collection, the researcher visited BarangayVillamonte under investigation personally for taking prior permission from the participants for the Key Informant Interview.
In the first phase, good rapport with the members of the barangay was established to do the interview carefully. Instructions and objectives of the research were given before the interview. In order to give responses to the questions free and frankly, honestly and sincerely, they were made aware there are no right or wrong answers to the questions and their professional career would not be affected as it was only an exercise for research purpose, and their responses would be kept strictly confidential.
In the second phase, in analyzing the data and analysis, it took days to collect the data through the said instruments. The data was analayzed qualitatively. The data was transcribed, translated, and analyzed. The transcription was the hardest part since it involved precise skill and teamwork.
In the third phase, drafting the results and discussion took days to complete. The data was arranged according to the objectives of the research. The results were revised by the researchers again to verify the precise information and final output was revised by the adviser.
In the final phase, the researchers reviewed the data to ensure that no mistakes were made.
Ethical Consideration
Ethics is the discipline of dealing with what is right and wrong within a moral framework that is built on obligation and duty (Nation, 1997).
Kumar (2005) acknowledges that it is unethical to accumulate information without the knowledge of respondents, and their expressed willingness and informed consent. Therefore, the researcher made it clear to all the participants that their participation was voluntary and they were free to withdraw from the study at any time. While conducting this study, the researcher ensured informed consent from all respondents. They were also advised that that they were under no obligation to answer any questions which they might not have felt comfortable with.
The participants of this study, who are considered vulnerable individuals, which means they should be protected from the risk of research. Specific protection will be implemented to ensure adequate protection for the participants, including their permission and assertion.
The researchers’ data from the complainants remained confidential throughout the study. It is important to note that individuals vary in their experiences of unemployment and therefore the researchers were very much aware, that for some participants it could be traumatic or upsetting to talk about the cases, which is why particular care was taken in the researchers’ approach to them. Furthermore, the researchers had remained respectful, prudent, professional, and maintained a non-discriminating manner while conducting the interview.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section presents the results generated by the study, analysis, and interpretation of the findings. The following results are obtained from the Document Review, and Key Informant Interview. Key Informant Interview was done by the Barangay Chairman, Barangay Kagawad and Barangay Tanod of Barangay Villamonte, Bacolod City. This part of research aims to know the implementation, performance, maintenance and challenges encountered by the barangay in the implementation of MC 121-2019.
Villamonte is a barangay in the city of Bacolod. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 36, 575. This represented 6.51% of the total population of Bacolod.
Results of the discussion have been described under the following heads:
Implementation of MC 121-2019
Based on Barangay Compliance Report of Barangay Villamonte, table 1 shows that there are 386 Identified Illegal Structures and there are a total of 386 notice served to the illegal structures from August 3, 2019 – September 29, 2019. A total of 282 illegal structures were Voluntarily Demolished from August 3 – September 29, 2019 and a total of 104 illegal structures were Demolished by Barangay from August 3 – September 29, 2019.
Table 1
| No. of Identified Illegal Structures | No. Of Notice Served (August 3- Sept. 29, 2019) | Voluntarily Demolished (August 3- Sept. 29, 2019) | Demolish by Barangay (Aug. 3 – Sept. 29, 2019) |
| 386 | 386 | 282 | 104 |
Table 2
| No. of Identified Illegal Structures | No. Of Notice Served (August 3- January 29, 2020) | Voluntarily Demolished (January 29, 2020) | Demolish by Barangay (January 29, 2020) |
| 408 | 308 | 1 | 2 |
Based on Barangay Compliance Report of Barangay Villamonte, table 2 shows that there are 408 Identified Illegal Structures and there are a total of 308 notice served to the illegal structures from August 3, 2019 – January 29, 2019. A total of 1 illegal structure was Voluntarily Demolished from January 29, 2019 and a total of 2 illegal structures were Demolished by Barangay from January 29, 2019.
Response of the Key Informants on the Effectivity of MC 2019-121
Barangay Tanods
During the interview with the key informants, specifically one of the Barangay Tanods in Barangay Villamonte, he has responded to the series of questions asked by the interviewers regarding the topic.
In the interview, when the Barangay Tanod was asked about the mandate of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) with regard to the mandate of MC 2019-121, he has responded that they were tasked to identify obstructions on the road and illegally build structures to be demolished as to give way to traffic and better access to public roads. He responded that the Barangay would a lot a certain measurement on the road or side walk and whatever would pass that allotted measurement, would be demolished by the Barangay.
As compliance to the mandate, letters would be distributed to the respective owners of the identified structures as to inform them of the demolition, and give them a chance to prepare and decide whether they would destroy the structure themselves or ask the Barangay to do it for them. The owners would be given at least five (5) to ten (10) days to comply with the letters given by the barangay and if not, the respective owner would be given due notice regarding the demolition of the said structure. Regarding other ordinances before MC 2019-121, the key informant has only identified this latest memorandum in relation to the road clearing efforts of the government.
Many challenges have been faced by the Barangay Tanods who would initiate the clearing operations. Some would receive curses and other insults from the owners of the structures to be demolished, while others would simply comply with the mandate and obey it. According to the key informant, there have been no violent reactions to the said operations initiated by the barangay. there would be taunts and curses from residents who do not understand the purpose of the mandate, however, no fights or violence would ever result from the operations. To deal with the angry residents, the key informant would explain to them calmly the purpose of the mandate and the demolition of the structures. If the residents would still be stubborn and refuse the demolition, the key informant would refer them to the Legal Office of the City of Bacolod.
As for the success of the mandate, the key informant would rate such as a 90% over a total of 100%. He responds that there can still be improvements on the clearing operations of the barangay and there can be more actions to be taken to fully effect the success of their clearing operations. He mentions that there are some areas which cannot be reached by the forces of the Barangay, hence would amount to what he believes to be a 90% success. He says that the barangay has focused mainly on the main road, and mentions of a second clearing operation sometime within 2020.
There have been many visible changes according to the key informant. Roads seem wider due to the clearing operations and traffic has improved along with it especially along the main road up to the Circumferential Road. There has been less loitering around the Barangay because of the cleared stalls and small stores along the sidewalks.
Maintenance of the cleared roads is the main objective of the Barangay, and they have scheduled “roving” around the area to make sure that roads and sidewalks stay clear. They would go around the Barangay and monitor what they have cleared to ensure that residents would not place old structures back obstruct the road or vehicles were not parked illegally. In any case there would be residents who would obstruct the road, the Barangay would reprimand them and ask them to remove the obstructions.
The key informant also gave recommendations to the other LGU in the city, that unity and team work would be the best way to be able to achieve and effect in implementation of Mc 2019-121. He also suggested that it would be best that there would be a team to “rove” around the Barangay as to check for loitering minors as well as to keep the Barangay safe.
Barangay Kagawads
Upon President Duterte’s directive to clear all roads nationwide, the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) then issued MC 121- 2019. The directive pertaining to the aforementioned Memorandum Circular was thereafter complied by Barangay Villamonte. The Barangay satisfied the same by conducting a Massive Operation with their Punong Barangay, Hon. Rommel P. Flores, who acted as the over-all chairman. The barangay officials divided themselves into seven (7) groups headed by their Barangay Kagawads namely: Hon. Jocelyn D. Makilan, Hon. Elmer A. Libo-on, Hon. Lalaine C. Agsam, Hon. Richie J. Yulo, Hon. Jaime H. Baloyo Jr., Hon. Gary Greg G. Gallardo, and Hon. Jesus Antonio R. Goscolluela. With the Barangay Kagawads being divided, they were further assigned to different Puroks in order to oversee the clearing operations. Since Barangay Villamonte is one of the biggest barangays in Bacolod City, they focused more on the areas where clearing operation is much more needed – in national roads. Prior to the commencement of the plan they have contrived, they first determined the measurement provided in the directive. A 2-meter set back from the gutter was what was instructed for them to comply. There were also some roads which used a ½-meter adjustment.
With regard to other similar ordinances in connection to MC 121-2019, the barangay was straightforward in answering that it became their initial step to achieve a clear side road. Given the fact that a lot of people, establishments, and livelihoods could get affected, any forms of charivari would be inevitable. But the directive issued by the president appeared like a beam of light to them, for in the past, the barangay could not do any actions without having any concrete basis. Resistance and negative comments of the individuals affected were inevitable. The barangay officials were also exposed to some threats given by these affected individuals asserting that the former will not gain any votes from the latter in the next barangay elections. Nevertheless, winning the next election is not the barangay officials’ priority, but complying with the Memorandum Circular issued to them mounts more importance. Conducive to a more efficient implementation, Barangay Villamonte also coordinated with the other Governmental Agencies such as Bacolod City Police Office (BCPO), City Legal Office, and City Engineer’s Office. The barangay officials did their best in explaining to the people the advantages of the directive. There were some residents who are wise enough to support this action of the barangay. For the former, the efficiency of the barangay officials is much more essential than doing nothing and just acting like a puppet just to ensure their public positions.
On the scale of 1-10, the barangay kagawads rated the success of the implementation of the MC 121-2019 as 7. They admitted that their implementation has not yet reached a 100%-compliance because some individuals who were ordered to clear a 2-meter set back from the gutter came back to their posts. There were vendors who were ordered to vacate the roadside to offer a much more wide space for other people to pass by however, after a while, the barangay received a letter from the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) informing them that these vendors once again occupied the concerned areas. Since the barangay’s implementation of MC 121-2019 is still on-going, they assured that they are doing their best in order to achieve a full compliance. So far, it is already evident that the obstructions in the roadside, especially in the national roads were cleared. The barangay kagawads maintain its consistency by roaming around the barangay, no matter what the weather will be, from time to time in order to keep an eye to the public.
Conclusion
President Rodrigo Duterte issued a policy pronouncement during his SONA to clear all road obstruction nationwide. The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) then issued Memorandum Circular 2019-121. The mandate of the memorandum was implemented to reclaim public road which are being used for private ends and in the process remove illegal structures and constructions.
The memorandum provides that within 60 calendar days, significant results must be achieved, documented and reported. As of October 2019, the City Government of Bacolod had obtained an 87% in the 60-day road clearing operation, based on the validation conducted by the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG). A total of 11,799 illegal structures have been identified in Bacolod of which 11, 099 have been removed.
Brgy. Villamonte is just one of the 61 barangays of Bacolod City, Negros Occidental. In December 2019, the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) recognized Brgy. Villamonte’s good performance and compliance in the accounting, budget, and Disaster Risk Management requirement. Brgy. Villamonte was also adjudged as had the Most Outstanding Tanod for the year 2019.
Brgy. Villamonte has helped in the road clearing operation and contributed to the Bacolod’s 87% compliance by settling 90% road obstruction in their barangay. 90% of the road clearing was conducted mainly on the main road while the remaining 10% where areas the Barangay cannot tap yet.
MC 121-2019 provided Brgy. Villamonte the legal basis to carry out the clearing of road obstruction. The road clearing operation is not novel to Brgy. Villamonte as they conducted some road clearing in the past. However, they failed because they have no proper legal basis specifically mandates the clearing of road obstruction in the Barangay.
Brgy. Villamonte easily complied with the mandate because of the cooperation of the affected constituents in the removal of road obstruction. The Tanods, accompanied by the designated Kagawad and with the coordination of other Government Agencies such as the Bacolod City Police Office (BCPO), City Legal Office and City Engineer’s Office, extensively explained to the affected the Memorandum Circular 121-2019 and the advantages of the directive.
As of now, Brgy. Villamonte maintained their consistency in compliance of MC 121-2019 by having scheduled “ronda” by the tanods, mostly around the national road and the areas they had already covered. This 2020, Brgy. Villamonte aims to achieve 100% compliance of the mandate by reaching the areas they have not cleared yet.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In light of the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are set forth:
Based on the foregoing findings of the study, the following are recommended for the Local Government Units of the province to formulate more accurate arrangements for the development of the barangay to have a more systematic and organized implementation of the rules and regulations.
Barangay Villamonte should implement capacity building workshops to develop and enhance the skills in handling local disputes to cater the need of the residents.
Other barangays should give more importance to the implementation and should apply more projects and workshops to spread awareness regarding the processes.
Barangay members should focus more on providing necessary leadership by properly executing their projects and program.
That the future researchers will continue to conduct an in depth study stakeholder’s perception on the effectiveness of the implementation of MC 121-2019. Future researchers should widen their scope of the study to discover more ideas or information regarding the study.
REFERENCES
Ardales Vinancio. (2008). Basic Concepts and Methods in Research. Manila, Philippines
Calderon. (2008). Effects of Teachers Teaching Strategies and the Academic Performance at Grade 12. Magdalena, Philippines.
Mader, L. & Almeida, M., (2011). Quality of Legislation: Principles and Instruments. Germany: Nomos Publishers.
Lynn, L. & Forbes, M. (2007). Governance and Organizational Effectiveness: Towards a Theory of Government Performance. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251542304_Governance_and_Organizational_Effectiveness_Toward_a_Theory_of_Government_Performance .
Ferguson, B., (2019) Competing for Influence: The Role of the Public Service in better Government in Australia. Australia: Anu Press, The Australian Nationa University.
Nofiante, L. & Suseno, N., (2014) Factors Affecting Implementation of Good Government Governance (GGG) and their Implications towards Performance Accountability. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272390500_Factors_Affecting_Implementation_of_Good_Government_Governance_GGG_and_their_Implications_towards_Performance_Accountability
14th Congress Senate Bill No. 999 (2007) https://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=14&q=SBN-999
18th Congress House Bill 504 (2019) http://www.congress.gov.ph/press/details.php?pressid=11605&fbclid=IwAR1eOu1FsGvZFS8ytsG7oUn2BBF-K1fdoFLALLuID1KEcdrE-SI0YS_DK0
Babiano, I.M., & Hitoshi, I. (2007). Street space sustainability in Asia: The role of Asian pedestrian and street culture. The Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 7, 1915–30.
Bromley, R. (2000). Street vending and public policy: A global review. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20(1/2), 1–28.
Drummond, L.B.W. (2000). Street scenes: Practices of public and private space in urban Vietnam. Urban Studies, 37(12), 2377–91.
Freeman, R.E (1984). “Strategic Management: A stakeholder Approach”. Boston, MA: Pitman. Japan International Cooperation Agency Press Release (2018) https://www.jica.go.jp/philippine/english/office/topics/news/180920.html
Malone, K. (2002). Street life: Youth, culture, and competing uses of public space. Environment and Urbanization, 14(2), 157–68.
Tindal C.R.(1977) “Structural changes in local government: Government for urban regions” (Monographs on Canadian urban government)
APPENDIX A
Pictures with the Barangay Officials of Barangay Villamonte
Philippine Legal Research 